Physical activity and sleep of persons living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review / La actividad física y el sueño de las personas que viven con el VIH/sida: una revisión sistemática / Atividade física e sono de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS: uma revisão sistemática

The objective of this academic work is to present the evidences available in literature about the relation between physical activity and sleep in regards to individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The databases: Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Bireme, Scopus and EBSCO, were used to identify four articles, published until September 2015 to be included in this systematic review. According to the analyzed studies, interventions with physical activity for persons living with HIV/AIDS were significantly associated with the quality of sleep, total sleep time, efficiency, decreased of number of awakenings during sleep and improvement of sleeping disorders (insomnia). Therefore, the results presented in this research paper makes evident that physical activity has a relation with the quality of sleep amongst this specific population group, causing benefits to the quality of life of the patients. Nonetheless, it has been noticed that there is a necessity for more research and investigation in regards to the topic presented (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre la relación entre la actividad física y el sueño en personas que viven con VIH/sida. Las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Bireme, Scopus y EBSCO, fueron utilizadas para identificar cuatro artículos publicados hasta septiembre de 2015, para su inclusión en esta revisión sistemática. Según los estudios analizados, las intervenciones basadas en actividad física, para personas que viven con el VIH/sida, se asocian significativamente con la calidad del sueño, el tiempo total del sueño, la eficiencia, la disminución de la fragmentación del sueño y mejoras en trastornos del sueño (insomnio). De esta manera, los resultados de este estudio evidencian que la actividad física está relacionada con la calidad del sueño de este grupo específico de población, generando beneficios en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Aun así, se ha constatado la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones y estudios sobre el tema presentado (AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a relação entre atividade física e o sono de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. As bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Bireme, Scopus e EBSCO, foram utilizadas para identificar quatro artigos, publicados até setembro de 2015, para a inclusão nesta revisão sistemática. De acordo com os estudos analisados, intervenções com atividade física para pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS associam-se significativamente com a qualidade do sono, tempo total do sono, eficiência, diminuição da fragmentação do sono e melhoras nos distúrbios do sono (insônia). Desta forma, os resultados do presente estudo evidenciam que a atividade física tem relação com o sono dessa população, gerando benefícios para a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Ainda sim, percebe-se a necessidade de mais indagações e pesquisas acerca da temática apresentada (AU)

Growth inhibition and antioxidative response of wood decay fungi exposed to plant extracts of Casearia species.

UNLABELLED: Ligninolytic fungi take part in critical processes in ecosystems such as nutrient recycling; however, some fungal species can be pathogenic to forest and urban trees and deteriorate wood products. The tropical flora is an important source of antimicrobial compounds environmentally safer than traditional wood preservatives. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of ethanol plant extracts of Casearia sylvestris and Casearia decandra on the white-rot wood decay basidiomycetes Trametes villosa and Pycnoporus sanguineus. In addition, the effect of the extracts on the fungal antioxidative metabolism was studied. Among the different substances present in the extracts, the phytochemical analyses identified a clerodane diterpenoid (C. sylvestris) and cinnamic acid, hydroquinone and ß-sitosterol (C. decandra). The extracts inhibited the fungi up to 70% and caused hyphal morphology changes. The extracts triggered oxidative stress process as indicated by the increased levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione reductase. Therefore, the Casearia extracts are a potential source of natural biocides to control wood decay fungi, and one of the mechanisms of action is the oxidative stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The Casearia plant extracts exhibited important antifungal activity on wood decay fungi and triggered oxidative stress process, an inhibitory mechanism rarely studied in filamentous fungi exposed to plant extracts. Therefore, a starting point was provided for the development of natural compounds-based products as an alternative to chemical fungicides. In addition, subsidies were given to further studies in order to elucidate in more detail how compounds present in extracts of native tropical plants affect the physiology of fungi.